Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Examination Methods - Essay Example Furthermore, the pattern has quickened in the past year.† Deputy Chief Patrol Agent of the Border Patrol’s Rio Grande Valley Sector Reynold Garza (2005) said that lawbreakers keep on intersection the U.S. fringes with Mexico and Canada. A few sources demonstrated the requirement for more noteworthy fringe security through a wide scope of innovative, administrative, and military mediations (Antal, 2010; Meyers, 2003), just as worldwide understandings (Taylor, 2005). Beside the need of making sure about the outskirts, there are additionally requires the thought of moral and human rights measurements of fringe security (Arreolo, 2010). The U.S. government is called by the global network to consider the privileges of poor specialists and individuals scanning for a refuge to move to the U.S. Moreover, a few sources contended for the heaviness of understanding social geology, when finding and assessing answers for outskirt issues (Arreolo, 2010; Hemphill, 2009). This expositio n talks about the issue and contentions encompassing fringe security. Besides, it investigates the two most regular examination structures in criminal judges contemplates, which are considered in leading the exploration for this issue. At long last, it clarifies the picked research plan and its potential issues and moral arrangements. Explanation of the Issue The primary issue is that outskirt safety efforts that are at present utilized by the U.S. government are deficient in reacting to the perplexing issues of lawful and unlawful relocation. The U.S. as of now utilizes a wide scope of innovative, administrative, and military intercessions (Antal, 2010; Meyers, 2003), just as two-sided understandings (Taylor, 2005), yet outskirt security issues keep on continuing (Antal, 2010; Barlett et al., 2004; Meyers, 2003; Wein, Liu, and Motskin, 2009, p.699). Conversation of the Issue It is imperative to see how various gatherings see outskirt security’s issues and the answers for the m. When all is said in done, two of the restricting contentions rotate around what the genuine issue is and how it ought to be appropriately settled. From one viewpoint, a few gatherings bolster more prominent military and physical/innovative mediations to make sure about the fringes. Then again, others contend that these intercessions are insufficient, in light of the fact that they don't mirror a more profound comprehension of its causes thus they don't react to the fundamental issues of fringe movement. Supporters of upgraded military and physical/mechanical intercessions contended that the genuine issue with fringe security is that it needs noticeable and prompt obstacles to illicit migrants (Antal, 2010; Marek, 2007). Antal (2010) depicted physical boundaries to settlers to hinder them from illicit migration or to get them, if at any point they do effectively experience existing hindrances. Marek (2007) helped individuals to remember the criminal components in Mexico, who can w ithout much of a stretch overflow to America’s outskirt states and jeopardize the wellbeing and security of the individuals in these states. These contentions underscore that when there are increasingly physical boundaries set up at the outskirts, illicit settlers and individuals who assist them with willing be less inspired to unlawfully enter the U.S. This reasoning is like the situational methods of settling wrongdoings, by setting up obstructions that will build the trouble of directing the violations and furthermore help the odds of being gotten. Furthermore, supporters of these methods for outskirt security declared

The Development and Use of the Six Markets Model Essay Example for Free

The Development and Use of the Six Markets Model Essay Presentation The possibility that business associations have a scope of partners other than investors is self-evident. However partner hypothesis has not guided standard advertising practice to any incredible degree (Polonsky, 1995). To utilize the hypothesis/practice qualification gave by Argyris and Schon (1978), it is a hypothesis upheld preferably progressively over a hypothesis rehearsed in real life. Research by Freeman and Reed (1983) followed the causes of the partner idea to the Stanford Research Institute. They propose a SRI inner record of 1963 is the soonest case of the term’s utilization. This record included clients, shareowners, representatives, providers, loan specialists and society in its rundown of partners. The partner idea has pulled in significant enthusiasm for the vital administration writing, particularly since the distribution of a compelling book (Freeman, 1984) that contained a misleadingly straightforward yet expansive meaning of partners (p. 46), in particular: â€Å". . . those gatherings and people that can influence, or are influenced by, the achievement of authoritative purpose†. A significant discourse on partner hypothesis has developed over the previous decade, particularly in articles and commitments to the Academy of Management Review, beginning with an investigate from Donaldson and Preston (1995) that contended that three related strands of hypothesis may merge inside a legitimate partner hypothesis, specifically spellbinding precision, instrumental force and standardizing legitimacy. Partner hypothesis is obviously a significant issue in methodology (for example Carroll, 1989; Donaldson and Preston, 1995; Harrison and St John, 1996; Useem, 1996; Campbell, 1997; Harrison and Freeman, 1999). Be that as it may, inside the technique field there is certifiably not a lot of concession to the extent of partner hypothesis (Harrison and Freeman, 1999). Specifically, there is as yet a discussion with respect to which constituent gatherings an association ought to consider as partners. For instance, Argenti (1997) recommended an endless number of potential gatherings while Freeman (1984) has contended that there is inordinate broadness in recognizable proof of partners. As of late Polonsky et al. (2003) presumed that there are â€Å"no all around acknowledged meanings of partner hypothesis or even what establishes aâ stakeholder† (p. 351). Nonetheless, they see two opponent points of view: one where partner aim implies â€Å"improving corporate performance†, and another where it implies â€Å"maximising social government assistance and limiting the degree of mischief created inside the trade process† (p. 351). While these points may never be altogether accommodated practically speaking (Gioia, 1999), the prevailing supposition that the quest for â€Å"profit† is for the investors adequately denies authenticity to different cases to the significance of benefit as a â€Å"shared benefit†, or as aâ€Å"shared good† (Smithee and Lee, 2004). Relationship-based ways to deal with showcasing offer a reformist partner plan with an accentuation on partner coordinated effort past the quickness of market exchanges. As indicated by various creators, this includes making trades of commonly helpful worth (Christopher et al., 2002), communications inside systems of connections (Gummesson, 1999), or shared responsibility and trust that could conceivably be feasible (Morgan and Hunt, 1994). Relating is associating, and at its least difficult level, a relationship is a condition associated. A basic inquiry emerges: â€Å"With whom are you associated, and why?†. These inquiries require decisions about specific connections †and key worth decisions. This article investigates the turn of events, augmentation and utilization of the â€Å"six markets† partner model (Christopher et al., 1991) and proposes a structure for dissecting partner connections and arranging partner system. The article is organized as follows. To start with, we audit the job of partners in relationship promoting. Second, we talk about the turn of events and refinement of the six markets model, and depict how the model has been operationalised and refined because of testing and involvement with use with chiefs. Next, we examine the advancement of a partner relationship arranging model that empowers techniques to be produced for every partner gathering. At long last, we talk about the administrative and research issues related with partner hypothesis in promoting and audit some future research openings. Our goal is to clarify how a reasonable partner model has handy application in showcasing the executives and thusly make a contributionâ towards killing the present hole between partner hypotheses and promoting practice. Relationship promoting and the job of partners Marketing enthusiasm for relationship based vital methodologies has expanded emphatically in the course of the most recent decade in accordance with extending worldwide markets, the progressing deregulation of numerous ventures and the use of new data and correspondence innovations. Regardless, specialists and scholastics the same can disregard the way that business and mechanical connections are of numerous sorts (Wilkinson and Young, 1994), and that a comprehension of the worth producing forms is required (Anderson and Narus, 1999; Donaldson and O’Toole, 2002; Groâ ¨nroos, 1997; Payne and Holt, 1999; Ravald and Groâ ¨nroos, 1996; Tzokas and Saren, 1999; Wilson and Jantrania, 1994). Understanding the job of long haul associations with both client and other partner bunches has been to a great extent dismissed in the standard showcasing writing however is recognized in the relationship promoting writing (for example Groâ ¨nroos, 1994; Gummesson, 1995; Hennig-Thurau and Hansen, 2000; Haâ °kansson, 1982; Moâ ¨ller, 1992, 1994; Parvatiyar and Sheth, 1997; Sheth and Parvatiyar, 1995). Kotler (1992) has every so often required a widening of advertising interests to consider the connections between an association and its publics. In any case, it is the relationship promoting writing specifically that has focused on the significance of partner connections (for example Christopher et al., 1991; Morgan and Hunt, 1994; Doyle, 1995; Gummesson, 1995; Buttle, 1999). Gummesson (2002b) has given an examination of four of the better known ways to deal with grouping different partners, including Christopher et al. (1991), Kotler (1992),Morgan and Hunt (1994), and furthermore Gummesson (1994). While the initial three of these models are worried about the connections that an association has with its increasingly customary partners, the methodology of Gummesson (1994) goes past the focal point of this article in that it incorporates criminal system connections, para-social connections and supranational super unions. The Christopher et al. (1991) structure has six partner advertise spaces, every one of which contains a number ofâ â€Å"sub-markets†, while that of Kotler (1992) recognizes ten explicit constituents. Morgan and Hunt (1994) propose ten relationship trades with four organization gatherings. Different models incorporate the SCOPE model (Buttle, 1999) and a system by Doyle (1995). The applied model and the related arranging structure portrayed in this article are the consequence of recursive innovative work over various years. Our underlying calculated work on the model was later enhanced with gaining from field-based associations with advertising administrators and different officials so as to additionally refine it and to build up the theoretical arranging structure revealed here. This follows what Gummesson (2002a) terms â€Å"interactive research†. This exploration approach underlines that association and correspondence have an essential impact in inquire about and that testing ideas, thoughts and results through communication with various objective gatherings is a basic piece of the hypothesis improvement and without a doubt the entire research process (Gummesson, 2002a, pp. 344-6). Managers’ perceptions and recommendations were seen as important in creating and refining the model, supporting Gioia and Pitre’s (1990) proposition that various points of view yield a progressively complete perspective on hierarchical wonders and where suspicions about the procedures under enquiry can be changed by further discussion with witnesses. Research goals and approach The target of the exploration was to create and refine the six markets model through testing its materialness in a wide scope of hierarchical settings. All the more explicitly, we wished to build up a classification plot that empowered key constituent partner bunches inside each market space to be recognized and grouped and to build up a partner arranging structure. This was spurred, to some degree, by chiefs in these organizations who communicated the requirement for both a characterization conspire and an arranging structure. We have used a scope of approaches over various years in our exploration to test and refine the six markets model and the arranging structure and toâ gain field-based bits of knowledge, including: 1) Piloting and testing the six markets model with an underlying gathering of 15 UKorganisations. The associations in this example were drawn from a scope of parts including producing (two), monetary administrations including banking and protection (six), different administrations including retailing (six), proficient administrations (two) and one not-revenue driven industry affiliation (the Royal Aeronautical Society). All were extremely enormous firms inside their part except for the two expert administrations firms and the not-revenue driven association. 2) Using the model in meaningful contextual analyses on UK associations in the accompanying segments: retailing (two), fabricating (two), a worldwide carrier and a significant preservation noble cause. 3) Using the structure as an arran ging apparatus in a two significant universal banks (one a huge British business and retail boycott

Top Reasons why Google Stadia may mark a revolution in the gaming world

Top Reasons why Google Stadia may mark a revolution in the gaming world Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Top Reasons why Google Stadia may mark a revolution in the gaming worldUpdated On 25/03/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : GamingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2OrtPrX CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAfter much hype and anticipation, Google is set to shake the gaming industry with its new initiative called Stadia, evidently inspired by the notion of a collective appreciation of gaming skill. The major pitch is that the advantages that come with Google’s technology will interconnect developers, players, streamers, and viewers together. This connection which promises to be swift will be manifested in millions of interfaces to a global network of data centers.Google has also made Stadia so unique that it will be fully integrated with YouTube, where gaming content among others is the most popular on the site, watched by millions of people around the globe daily. A button that wi ll instantly allow users watch video game footage on YouTube was demonstrated by Google and Stadia will also allow for easy capturing and sharing of game clips. So here now are some of the reasons why this new gaming device might be a revolution for the gaming industry.SPEED RESOLUTION OF STADIAGoogle has dodged the issue of what this will mean in terms of overall usage, as well as with data-caps, arguing that internet service providers will increase caps to accommodate consumer’s behavior. Google has incorporated 720p as Stadia’s lowest resolution. Phil Harrison who happens to be the creator of Stadia said that Google is working on “very clever technology” that will protect game progress in case of sudden internet shutdown.STADIA CONTROLLERStadia has no box but a controller hence can be played on your tablet while out and on a TV screen when back home. The device is said to look pretty standard with the ability of connecting to the cloud via Wi-Fi. It also has a specific b utton which enables players to stream gameplay, and request developer-directed help using another button. Phil Harrison also made it known that “if a gamer owns a USB controller that uses the HID standard, it will work perfectly well with Stadia.”MULTI-PLAYER COMPATIBILITYAccording to Google, Stadia’s breaks through the limitations of older games by greatly increasing multiplayer options, including the Split-screen multiplayer between two people on a couch or online play without any noticeable latency issues or reduction in game graphics or quality. Cloud-based multiplayer games on Stadia will also offer real time and consistent world-altering events, like synchronized destruction. For instance, if a car is blown up by a player in an online game, every other player sees it happening, and the car stays blown up till the end of the gamingREADHow To Earn Money By Playing Casino Games On AndroidThere is heavy criticism on the technical aspects of Stadia like the lack of infrastruc ture making Stadia non-viable or useable in certain parts of the world, or over 20gb-per-hour streaming requirements decimating ISP data caps. These are fair concerns and important points to take into consideration, but they are merely technical, and they are sure to be eliminated eventually as technology progresses.Google entering the race of gaming is definitely a strong competitor to both PlayStation and Xbox. Add to this that they will eventually throw in combination deals, new Pixel phones and home hardware, YouTube TV subscriptions, and Google Drive service fees may certainly come with some Stadia handouts which should last for a considerable period of time. It is hereby predicted that Google will offer the Wi-Fi powered Stadia controller and the Chromecast Ultra for a cheap bundle as an easy entry point.In conclusion, Stadia could be the biggest shift in the world of gaming since the incorporation of online multiplayer in gaming. If Google doesn’t manage to get everyone ove rwhelmed, Stadia is still sure to emerge as a much-needed competitor to the current gaming market’s biggest rulers. Stadia with a little luck or handwork is an interesting bet to shake up the gaming industry in numerous exciting ways, especially with the next generation of consoles and the uproarious fan anticipation that comes with them worldwide. Google predicted it to arrive still this year, in late December. Great Christmas gift or a giant fiasco?

Alahmad and Murphy on Business Ethics Essay - 981 Words

The first two journal articles that were compared and contrasted were Ala Alahmad’s 2010 article on To Be Ethical or Not to Be: An International Code of Ethics for Leadership and Patrick Murphy’s 2009 article on The Relevance of Responsibility to Ethical Business Decisions. Some key findings of Alahmad’s writings were that ethics and leadership were closely tied together; they were found to be derivatives of one another. He mentioned that ethics is an individual thought process of making good or poor decisions. Alahmad described an international code of leadership that was heavily veiled with great moral fibers. Some notable characters of his code included honesty, respect, punctuality, humbleness, and great dignity. However, in†¦show more content†¦Finally, in comparison Murphy elicits empirical researchers to explore, examine, and refine his findings. In essence, he did not perform an extensive review of his results similar to Alahmad’s re sults. Alahmad and Murphy both shared similar ideas about the moral compasses be pointed in the right direction as it relates to ethics. Rather if it was a code for international ethics or an examination on responsible both cases proved to be win-wins for ethics. There were no major points of contrast that were note worthy. On some level, both writers were going for the same goal just in different way. The next two articles that were compared and contrasted were Peter Drucker’s 1981 article on What Is Business Ethics? and Milton Friedman’s 1970 article on The Social Responsibility of Business Is To Increase Its Profits. Drucker linked business ethics as a monitoring tool that called out businesses who received special ethical treatments. He noted that what we refer to as ethics should be called ethical chic. This turned out to be highly debated statement of that period. Drucker’s statement did not seem to be related to the core principles of what ethics was established for. Drucker’s main claim was that business ethics elevates businesses to a higher level than that of regular citizens. HeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Different Viewpoints of Business Ethics1997 Words   |  8 Pagesresponsibility and business ethics before concluding the paper. Four Articles All four articles center their focus on business ethics. Of the four articles, three are scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles and one, by Friedman, is an online periodical. The first article is â€Å"To be ethical or not to be: An international code of ethics for leadership† by Aja Alahmad. This article first states the importance of the topic issue. The author claims that there are no clearly defined codes of ethics that leadersRead MoreBusiness Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay2333 Words   |  10 Pagesinterpretations of four separate authors in respect to ethics and social responsibility as they apply to business. The four articles to be reviewed are; â€Å"The Social Responsibilities of Business is to Increase its Profits† by Milton Friedman, â€Å"The Relevance of Responsibility to Ethical Business Decisions† by Patrick E. Murphy, â€Å"What is ‘business ethics’† by Peter F. Drucker and â€Å"To Be Ethical Not To Be: An International Code of Ethics for Leadership† by Ala’ Alahmad. Each of these articles represents the author’s

The Deployment Of Military Personnel - 847 Words

What happens to those left behind when a member of the U.S. military gets deployed? At the end of 2013, there were over 1.4 million active duty U.S. military personnel, of which approximately half have a spouse and/or children. Once deployment orders are received these servicemen and women must say goodbye to their loved ones for up to fifteen months. During this time of separation, the families will go through dramatic changes in an effort to make up for the absence of a spouse and/or parent. The deployment of military personnel adversely affects their families by causing negative emotional and/or behavioral changes, by continuously altering the framework of the family dynamic, and by increasing the risk factors for divorce upon their post-deployment reintegration. Deployment of a parent and/or spouse can cause a myriad of behavioral and/or emotional changes in the family members left behind. The stress of deployment on the spouse left at home can cause mental health issues that have a negative impact on their relationship with their child(ren) and their parenting practices (Swenson Wolff, 2011). Subsequently, a spouse left to parent and carry on alone for months on end may begin to feel the weight of their compounded responsibilities, the fear for their spouse’s safety, and the heartache of loneliness in such a deep way that depression, insomnia, and anxiety lead them to needing medication and/or therapy. The children in these families have no control over theShow MoreRelatedThe Deployment Of Military Personnel964 Words   |  4 Pagesthere was over 1.4 million active duty U.S. military personnel, of which approximately half have a spouse and/or children (Department of Defense, 2014). Once deployment orders are received, these servi cemen and women must say goodbye to their loved ones for up to fifteen months. During this time of separation, these families will go through dramatic changes in an effort to make up for the absence of a spouse and/or parent. The deployment of military personnel adversely affects their families by causingRead MoreThe Deployment Of Military Personnel Essay884 Words   |  4 Pages As of April 12, 2015, excluding the U.S. Coast Guard, there are nearly 1.2 million active duty U.S. military personnel (Demographics of Active Duty U.S. Military, 2015). Approximately half of these men and women have a spouse and/or children that they must say goodbye to once they are deployed and deployment can last four to fifteen months. The deployment of military personnel adversely affects their families by causing negative emotional and/or behavioral changes, continuously altering theRead MoreEssay On Post Service1011 Words   |  5 PagesChange in Cognitive Processes of Soldiers Post-Servic e in the Military It is estimated between 20% and 30% of soldiers report psychological symptoms after returning home from combat three to six months post-service (Dohrenwend, Turner, Turse, Adams, Koenen, Marshall, 2006). Following the Iraqi and Afghanistan conflicts, there has been a raise in question of the mental health statuses of service men and women post-deployment (Hoge, Castro, Messer, McGurk, Cotting, Koffman, 2004). Many of the mentalRead MoreA Research On Parenting Aspects Of Military Connected Families And Their Children With Preschool Children1144 Words   |  5 Pagesgenerating and systematically reviewing and analyzing original published studies on military families, their children’s behaviors, and parenting interventions. Key definitions and MeSH terms used were military personnel, parent, parenting, child-rearing, veteran, and parent-child intervention. Inclusion criteria for this review consisted the study needed to be original research addressing parenting aspects of mil itary connected families and their children with preschool children as the part or centralRead MorePreventing Ptsd And Depression And Reducing Health Care986 Words   |  4 PagesBoyd, N. D., Delaney, E. M., ... Johnston, S. L. (2016). Preventing PTSD and Depression and Reducing Health Care Costs in the Military: A Call for Building Resilience Among Service Members. Military Medicine, 181(10), 1240-1247. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-15-005. Retrieved from EBSCO; key words: Preventing PTSD Description: This case study presents data from a Post Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA) questionnaire that completed by Soldiers after returning to the States from being deployed to OperationRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Transition Disorder?911 Words   |  4 PagesDefence force personnel who complete their service – nominally veterans if they have been deployed overseas on at least one operation, are highly trained both upon entry into the military and throughout that career, however, they are released from service with varying degrees of preparation for entering back into civilian life. Currently, the NZDF provides a three day â€Å"Transition Seminar† that is the only active training programme for service personnel releasing from the military; moreover, thisRead MoreThe Psychological State of Peacekeeping Soldiers1351 Words   |  5 PagesRelation to Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Perceived Need for Mental Health Care that â€Å"Although military personnel are trained for combat and peacekeeping operations, accumulating evidence indicates that deployment-related exposure to traumatic events is associated with mental health problems and mental health service use.† He later did an observation involving some 8,000 active duty military personnel. Sareen used the World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite InternationalRead MoreEmotional And Behavioral Disorders Among Children With A Military Parent1256 Words   |  6 Pagesher son, Stephen’s first experience with a military deployment. Stephen’s father, Sgt. 1st Class Joshua Moody, had been on a year-long deployment to Iraq when Stephen was only a toddler. Even now, after having endured four deployments, the fourth grader is still plagued with separation anxiety when his father leaves (Brooks Jones, 2016). Unfortunately, this scenario is all too common among children with a deployed military parent. Adolescents of military parents are facing adverse emotional andRead MoreThe Effects Military Deployment Has On Marital Relationships.1540 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects Military Deployment has on Marital Relationships Meghan GaNung Indiana University of Pennsylvania Abstract This research paper provides a theoretical perspective on the effects that military deployment has on marital relationships. The background section investigates the five different military branches, what stressors are involved for those in military relationships, and a brief history of what military relationships were like in the past. In the literature review, readersRead MoreEssay On Alcohol Behavior1474 Words   |  6 Pagescorrelation between alcohol use by month and deployment into a combat area (Fink et al., 2017). The final suggestion was that factors outside of deployment as a whole are what change alcohol use. Although the findings did not strongly support the hypothesis, significant findings about post-deployment drinking behaviors were shown. According to the study, participants decreased their alcohol consumption by 7 drinks a month from 1 year to 2 years after deployment. In figures, the monthly drinking average

Gender Roles And Inequality The Brief Wondrous Life Of...

Gender Roles and Inequality As a young girl, Malala Yousafzai faced the brutality of gender inequality that the Taliban enforced. Ever since she was a young child, Yousafzai had been an advocate for girls’ education and always eager to learn. On the devastating day of October 9th, 2012, Yousafzai was shot while returning home from school. To this day, nothing has stopped Yousafzai from continuing to speak out about the importance of girls’ education, despite the inequality that she and many other women and girls still must endure. The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao written by Junot Diaz is an exemplary text that supports reader s understanding of gender roles that are faced daily in Middle Eastern countries. Diaz’s portrayal of gender inequality and gender roles helps inform one’s understanding of the Taliban’s attack on Malala Yousafzai because Maritza, Ana, and Yousafzai are disempowered due to their gender. Yousafzai is a typical girl in Pakis tan, yearning for educational and women’s rights. In Mingora, Pakistan on July 12th, 1997, she was welcomed into the world. Her hometown used to be full of tourists, but the area changed once the Taliban attempted to take control. As a young girl, Yousafzai formed her beliefs in gender equality and began her initial activism. Yousafzai attended her father’s school and was always supporting girls’ rights to education. Once the Taliban’s rules started to be enforced, Yousafzai knew it was time to speak up. The Taliban decided to

Collabrative Working in Health and Social Care free essay sample

Using a model of reflection, reflect how you may effectively contribute to working with others and why this is important in health and social care This essay will describe the key policy drivers for collaborative working in health and social care and the importance of effective collaborative working. It will also relate to and discuss my personal experience of collaborative working. Also, it will outline the roles of different members within health and social care teams. Finally, how my own reflection on personal ability in collaborative working identifies the need for development. According to nursetogether. com (2007), collaboration implies working together for the greater good, but it actually encompasses far more. Community care. co. uk (2003) argues that, collaboration and multidisciplinary working are key drivers of the government’s health and social care policies. The department of Health (1992) has also highlighted the need for collaborative working to be incorporated into a National health strategy. This white paper places collaborative working in the centre reform. It defines collaborative working as a partnership of individuals and organisations formed to enable people to increase their influence over the factors that affect their health and wellbeing. The framework identified key areas for priorities targeted under the recognised health service. The collaborative ventures had to target certain high vulnerability groups in the community, such as women, certain socio- economic groups and ethnic minority groups, Targeting practice (Department of health 1993) identified aspects of good practice to be promoted within community health practice. This includes building health alliances within and beyond the health sector and providing quality service, good communication, good working relationships as well as shared aims and values, mutual respect between professional groups and shared learning. Policies such as the NHS PLAN (2000) have identified the need for collaborative working by looking at drivers and frameworks such as the National Service for children, young people and maternity services. The NHS plan mentions that frameworks and drivers have ‘expressed the need for joint working between health and social services to ensure a joined up or collaborative approach to patient care. The NHS PLAN (2000) has aimed to create a service designed around patient needs by encouraging health professionals to work together in collaboration to meet the needs of patients. The NHS plan (2000) mentions how it is important to involve inter education within the healthcare system. The need for this is mentioned in the plan that it promotes a more collective approach towards patient needs, by sharing of knowledge and information by healthcare professionals so that better decisions can be made regarding patient care. Turner and Palastanga (2005), state how different personalities can cause conflicts in collaborative working and how strategies to understand one’s own behaviour and to deal with difficult people is an important aspect of collaborative working as this enables effective service delivery. There are apparent barriers in communication and working patterns that can affect team work. This has been recognised within the media where health and social care organisations have lacked effectiveness in collaborative working. When a serious incident occurred due to the lack of effective collaborative working, Community Care (2010) reports how the social workers of Haringey council in 2007 failed to notice Baby Peters serious abuse and neglect inflicted from family members which lead to his death. There were missed opportunities by the social workers to save him from his abuse. The judge’s verdict was also delayed when OFSTED announced thousands of pages of undisclosed evidence which should have been passed on to other members of the team involved in Baby Peters case. The report says how there was poor communication between different NHS departments that lead to the failure of Baby Peters care. And how the Police and social workers involved in reviewing the case and practice in the health and social care organisations was poorly monitored. This clearly shows evidence of poor collaborative working by Haringey Council. The National Council for Volunteers (2012), an organisation that is a giving voice and Support to a Civil Society, Argue that in order for collaborative working to be successful, it is essential to discuss how you will work together, defining roles and responsibilities, contractual or other legal obligations. People working in collaboration also recognise the importance of values, such as trust in their relationships. Also to build on preparation planning and a written agreement can help avoid misunderstanding. Atkinson et al (2009, identified essential factors to successful collaborative working, such as, commitment from those involved at all levels, having common joint aims and objectives, a clear focus for the work and also good leadership. Collaborative working is a topic of interest in health and social care as it is vital that each team member understands and fulfils their role. Rafferty et al (2001) states teamwork is regarded by many stakeholders as key to the delivery of effective care. Leathard (2003) applies, individuals in a team are equally important to address issues and demands together. According to Turner and Palastang(2005) individuals in a team should have a flexible approach to working and clear communication channels as well as the importance of each individual in the team to make sense of themselves and the concepts within their own context. For the purpose of this essay partially being based upon my own reflective experiences, I will now talk in the first person. I showed effective collaborative working on a given task within a group of four people. The task was called â€Å"the egg drop task†. We were given a few pieces of material to create satisfactory protection for the egg, so that when it dropped from a certain height the egg would not crack. Reflecting on the task, According to Gibbs Model of reflection (1988) as part of a team member I performed well although initially I had mixed feelings as I took leadership, I later involved everybody in conducting the task and asked for each person’s overall opinion. We showed effective collaborative working as in the end we had a positive outcome because when the egg was dropped, covered in protection that we created as a team, the egg did not crack. According to Belbin team roles (2012) it is important to build mutual trust and understanding and also members of a team seek out roles that are most effective and natural to them. I believe my team trusted me to take leadership within the group, according to Belbin (2012) I am naturally a person who likes to take control. All of members in my group co-operated with each other and got along well. I felt as though all members of my team effectively contributed towards the task and gave their opinions accordingly. However, I did feel at times as though I took overall control of the group and was giving the instructions. According to Belbin (2012) test for assessing team roles, I have â€Å"Shaper â€Å"characteristics, which means I am highly motivated with a lot of nervous energy and have a great need for achievement. I am a sort of person who likes a challenge and to push others into action. I felt as though I had many weaknesses as a member of the team, as I felt I was too controlling and felt that my ways were correct most of the time and other group members methods were not. At times I became quite irritated when I was not being listened to or ignored; I would then instead talk over others and lose my patience. In conclusion, I learnt the importance of collaborative working within health and social care and from personal experiences. It is important for each member of the team to understand and fulfil their role and responsibility, also communicate effectively for a positive outcome. As poor communication, trust and co operation within the team overall contributes to poor collaborative working. Working within the health and social care sector, it is very important to have effective collaborative working as it has been demonstrated that without good collaborative working between different departments, communication and information can be misplaced and mistakes can be made as mentioned.